This is a replica of the study on social polarization between “Petristas” and “Uribistas” conducted in Medellín to analyze the phenomenon of reactive devaluation based on social beliefs and collective emotional orientations toward political adversaries in the city of Bucaramanga, a region with a history of parapolitics and clan consolidation where the left has not had significant political representation. A total of 188 people participated, 102 with an affinity for the left-wing political spectrum and 86 for the right wing. Using a mixed methodology, quantitative non-experimental in scope and qualitative in a hermeneutic sense, two speeches by political leaders were presented in a reversed manner (each group was presented with the speech of its own leader as if it were from the political leader of the opposing group, and vice versa). The phenomenon of reactive devaluation was confirmed, given that the dimensions of valence towards the speeches are based on ingroup membership and reactivity towards the adversary, rather than on a critical analysis of their content. In both groups, political emotions of anger and indignation associated with beliefs of delegitimization of the adversary emerge, as well as positive emotions of hope and pleasure linked to beliefs of a positive self-image and beliefs of peace towards the leader of one's own group. It is concluded that polarization acts as a psychosocial barrier to peace by constructing an image of oneself and the other that makes dialogue and peaceful conflict resolution impossible.
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